Infertility affects one's life at the very core - feelings of anger, depression and guilt are very commonly experienced by infertile couples. The causes of infertility are many; amongst the most common are blockages of the fallopian tubes, endometriosis, low sperm counts and poor sperm motility and/or morphology. IVF, however, is not the answer to all fertility problems. In this book, I tried to explain what infertility is, describing infertility both in females and in males, outlining techniques that are used as treatment such as IVF and factors affecting infertility, the effects of smoking on fertility, effect of different lifestyles and Human Papilloma virus, a common sexually transmitted virus.