This book provides an overview in recent progress in the field of chitosan based smart nanoformulations and describes the basic concepts of passive and active cancer targeting chitosan based drug delivery vehicles including organ-specific drug delivery systems. Also, the construction and applications of multifunctional chitosan nanoparticulates used in cancer diagnosis, imaging and therapy have been described. The book also introduced an insight into various, mono, dual and multi-responsive smart chitosan nanoparticles that respond to their environment and their application in controlled gene and drug release nanoformulations.